Chemicals & Contaminants in Indoor Air

Leaking underground storage tanks

Leaking underground storage tanks are a common source of chemicals and contaminants in indoor air. These tanks typically store petroleum products like gasoline, diesel, or heating oil. Over time, these tanks can corrode or develop cracks, causing the stored substances to leak into the surrounding soil and groundwater.

If these tanks are located near a building, the chemicals can seep into the building’s foundation and contaminate the indoor air. The most common chemicals in indoor air from leaking underground storage tanks are petroleum-based, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). These chemicals can cause various health problems, including dizziness, nausea, headaches, and respiratory issues.

Asbestos

Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral commonly used in building materials for insulation and fireproofing. When these materials are disturbed or damaged, asbestos fibers can be released into the air, where they can be inhaled by building occupants.

Asbestos exposure has been linked to serious health problems, including lung cancer and mesothelioma. Older buildings are more likely to contain asbestos, so it is essential to have a professional inspection done if you suspect your building may have asbestos-containing materials.

Radon

Radon is a radioactive gas that occurs naturally in the soil and can seep into buildings through cracks and gaps in the foundation. It is odorless, colorless, and tasteless, making it impossible to detect without specialized equipment.

Exposure to radon gas has been linked to lung cancer, and it is estimated to be responsible for thousands of deaths each year in the United States. Radon testing is recommended for all buildings, and if high levels are found, mitigation measures can be taken to reduce the risk to occupants.

Mold

Mold is a type of fungus that thrives in damp and humid environments. When mold spores are present in the air and land on a wet surface, they can grow and spread, releasing tiny particles called spores into the air. These spores can cause some people allergic reactions, respiratory problems, and other health issues.

Mold can be found in any building, and it is essential to address any water leaks or moisture issues promptly to prevent mold growth. Mold can be a particularly significant problem in buildings affected by flooding or water damage.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) can quickly evaporate into the air at room temperature. They are commonly found in household and commercial products, such as paints, cleaners, and solvents.

Exposure to high levels of VOCs can cause headaches, dizziness, and respiratory irritation, and they may even contribute to the development of asthma or other long-term health issues. To reduce exposure to VOCs, it is essential to choose products with low or no VOC content and to properly ventilate any indoor areas where these chemicals are being used.

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a strong odor commonly used in building materials, such as pressed wood products, glues, and adhesives. It can be released into the air from these products over time and is also found in cigarette smoke.

Exposure to formaldehyde can cause respiratory and skin irritation, and it has also been classified as a known human carcinogen. To reduce exposure to formaldehyde, it is essential to choose products with low formaldehyde emissions and to ventilate indoor spaces properly.

Pesticides

Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests, such as insects, rodents, and weeds. They are often used in and around buildings and can be tracked inside on shoes and clothing. Pesticide residues can linger in indoor environments and can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

Exposure to pesticides has been linked to a variety of health concerns, including respiratory irritation, headaches, and even cancer. To reduce exposure to pesticides, it is important to use non-toxic pest control methods whenever possible and to minimize the use of pesticides indoors.